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• The Third Crusade, from A.D. 1187–1192, featured the famous Moslem leader Saladin, who created a single powerful Moslem state and defeated the Crusaders, re-taking Jerusalem in 1187. The equally famous Richard I of England, known as Richard The Lionheart, organised the Crusader forces.
• Many other Crusades followed. It is generally acknowledged that there were nine Crusades in total, lasting until almost A.D. 1300. That does not include a number of smaller, perhaps “less official” Crusades. Christianity and Islam battled each other, with Jews (and Aramaic) caught in the middle.
• The history of the Crusades are both fascinating and tragic for all manner of reasons. They are well documented in a number of histories.