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• Thus, just a few short decades after the Massoretes had written the Leningrad Codex, no doubt while the Massoretes were still alive and well, their work was brought to a sudden and dramatic end by the Crusades.
• The First Crusade (A.D. 1096–1099) started shortly after the Leningrad Codex was written. Immense numbers of foreign invaders spilled into the Middle East, ready to kill Jews and Moslems alike wherever they could be found, at the behest and blessing of the Roman Catholic Church.
• The Second Crusade was from A.D. 1147–1149. A combination of French and German armies marched towards Jerusalem.